Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction
A wheelchair ramp is an important tool for helping a loved one live at home independently. If they are not designed properly, they can be dangerous to use.
ADA regulations require that landings be level at any change in direction, so as to avoid compound slopes. They must also provide a grippy surface for wheelchair users.
Design
The ramp's design should be in line with the Americans with Disabilities Act standards to allow wheelchairs to move around the structure easily. For example, the ramp slope must not exceed a ratio of 1:12 and must have level landings at any direction change or change in the ramp's surface. It must also be constructed using treated lumber that is more durable than untreated and can weather precipitation better.
The ramp's top and bottom must be free of any obstacles, such as trees, bushes, or other structures that could interfere with the user's safe passage. Additionally, the ramp's surface must be hard and non-slip. Certain municipalities require the use of an anti-slip running surface on the ramp's entire length.
For the frame of the ramp, use treated lumber that is at least 4 inches wide. Build posts to secure the ramp, making sure they are at least eight feet apart, and that they extend beyond the ground level. Spindles are the best way to join the posts with the railings of the ramp. This kind of connection is recommended because it reduces the risk of a ramp operator falling off the side of the ramp.
Then, you can build the frame of the ramp using beams 2 by 4 inches in size and Joists that are at least 16 inches long. Make sure that the joists stand a minimum of 18 inches above ground level and that they are secured with joist hangers, which are nails that bind the inside of the joists and prevent them from sliding out of place. Attach portable wheelchair ramps with a framing nailer.
Add an upper landing to the doorway to ensure wheelchair users can easily navigate the doorswing. This landing should have 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of out-swinging doors. The landing for doors with in-swinging must be 58 by 60 inches in order to accommodate the threshold of the door and a wheelchair user who needs to reverse through the doorway.
Install a level landing at any change in ramp direction to avoid the necessity for wheelchairs to hit on their brakes as they turn corners. A level landing is easier to remove a ramp of the way if required, so that equipment such as lawnmowers can move under it.
Materials
Concrete, wood or aluminium can be used to build a wheelchair ramp. A professional ramp installer will help you choose the best option for your home or office. When selecting the material for the ramp, it is crucial to consider your budget and requirements. The ramp should also be easy to maintain and safe to use. Some cities require that the ramp be covered with a non-slip surface.
Before you purchase any material or begin construction, make sure you have the required permits from your local government, and that you follow all building codes within your area. Incorrect construction materials or methods can result in dangerous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find current construction requirements in your local building department of the government library, or on the internet.
Wood ramps are usually the least expensive choice of ADA ramp materials, however they require more care than other options. Wood ramps should be regularly treated with an adhesive to avoid decay. Wood can splinter, which is particularly hazardous for wheelchair users. Wood ramps also require additional support to maintain the structure.
Concrete ramps can be expensive but they are also durable and last for a long time. They are also heavy, which demands more work to construct and can make moving the ramp after it's no longer needed difficult. Concrete ramps are strong enough to support the weight of power wheelchairs.
Aluminum ramps weigh less than concrete or steel, but they have the same strength and corrosion resistance. They are also cheaper than steel or iron which makes them a great option for those with a tight budget. Aluminum is a green choice because it is found in the earth's crust naturally, and is able to be recycled.
The upper landing of the ramp should be at a level, or within 3/8 inch of the door threshold in order to allow the front wheels of smaller wheelchairs to pass over it without becoming stuck. Ramps that have a gap that is larger than this will not comply with ADA standards. It is also important to ensure that the ramp flows smoothly from the upper landing to the surface. The ramp's last section should have a beveled edge to stop wheelchairs from abruptly stopping at the point of leaving or entering a house.
Installation
A ramp for wheelchairs is a sloped plane ramp that can be used as an alternative to or in addition to stairs. It allows wheelchair users as well as those who use strollers or carts to access areas that would otherwise be difficult to access.
There are a variety of factors to consider when selecting a ramp for wheelchairs, including size, location, and height. The ramp should be placed close to the door in order to avoid unnecessary traveling. It should also be positioned at a level that is easy to navigate by the person using it. It should be firmly anchored to the floor and clear of obstructions like trees, cars parked or other obstacles.
ADA regulations require that ramps have handrails on either side. The rails must be at least 36" apart and have a smooth or rounded gripping surface. Additionally, they should be connected to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches beyond the edge of the ramp. Handrails must be continuous when a ramp is designed with switchbacks or an L-shaped layout.
The length of the ramp is determined by the slope. However, there are some common ramp types that can be used for most situations. A threshold ramp, for instance is placed flush against the curb's lip or threshold of the doorway. Portable ramps are on the other hand they can be moved to a different location and come in different sizes. Modular aluminum ramps can be built on-site. These are often used for public or commercial spaces, and are typically larger than the threshold and portable ramps.
Consult with your city's building department to determine the need for a permit for a permanent ramp. It is also advisable to speak with a mobility specialist about the type of ramp that is best for your needs and space. In some instances, installing a permanent ramp can even increase the resale value of your home.
Maintenance
It is crucial to keep your ramp for wheelchairs in good condition especially if it will be used frequently. You'll need to perform regular inspections and deal with any structural issues as they arise. This will ensure that the ramp is in compliance with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users.
Regular cleaning of wooden ramps is necessary to get rid of dirt and other debris that may hinder access. Cleaning the ramp regularly will also stop moisture from accumulating beneath the surface and leading to the onset of rot. The wood preservatives or stains will only work only if the ramp is thoroughly cleaned before application.
Wheelchair ramps can be more difficult to maintain than other types of ramps, as they are more likely to experience wear and wear and tear. It is essential to have the right tools. A set of gauge spanners and screwdrivers will be crucial to ensure that all fixings are secure and secure. It is also important to regularly check the handrails to ensure they are in good shape and do not show signs of corrosion or damage. It is possible that over time, as they are used repeatedly and use, the bolts and fittings that hold the handrails on may loosen and pose an extremely dangerous risk for those using the ramp.
Another important aspect is to ensure the surface of the ramp is grippy, especially during winter when conditions may be a challenge. You'll need to clean away any leaves, dirt and other debris that may obstruct the surface and cause slippage. You'll also want to apply an ice melt that is non-corrosive on the ramp surface to avoid injuries and slipping.
Consider buying "snow tires" or traction wheels for your wheelchair if you are planning to use it for the duration of the winter. These wheels are made to be more efficient on snowy and uneven surfaces. They will allow you to remain on your ramp more effectively than standard wheelchair tires. You can also use heating tape or pads to melt the snow and ice on the ramp before it builds up.